Past Questions Of Criminal Law

These past questions of criminal law will cover your recent papers efficiently. These questions are for LLB and LLB Hons. in Pakistan and the UK. Prepare them keenly for the best results.

The criminal law generally imposes liability for what people do rather than for what they fail to do. This distinction is difficult to justify.Critically discuss the law governing omissions in English criminal law.
The distinction between direct intention and oblique intention has created unnecessary complexity in the law of murder.” Critically evaluate the law relating to intention, with reference to relevant case law.
Gross negligence manslaughter is uncertain and gives juries too much discretion.” Discuss whether the current law should be reformed.
The law relating to consent in offences against the person is inconsistent and based on outdated moral judgments. Critically discuss.
James and Olivia have been married for ten years. One evening, Olivia tells James that she has been having an affair with his best friend, Daniel, for the past two years. She also tells him that she intends to leave him and move abroad with their children. James becomes extremely upset. Later that evening, James goes to Daniel’s house. Daniel laughs at James and says that Olivia never loved him and that the children would be better off without him. Enraged, James punches Daniel several times. Daniel falls, strikes his head on a concrete step, and loses consciousness.
An ambulance takes Daniel to the hospital. The doctors diagnose a head injury but fail to notice internal bleeding due to a negligent examination.
Daniel dies two days later.
Advise James of his criminal liability.
During a football match, Liam becomes involved in an argument with Noah. Liam picks up a metal water bottle and throws it at Noah, intending to scare him. Noah ducks, and the bottle strikes Emma, who is standing nearby. Emma suffers a fractured cheekbone.
A few moments later, Noah runs towards Liam. Believing Noah is about to hit him, Liam swings a metal barrier in Noah’s direction. Noah avoids the blow, but the barrier strikes a spectator, Ava, causing a deep wound requiring surgery. When police officers arrive, Liam struggles violently while being arrested and kicks one officer in the leg, causing bruising.
Advise Liam of his criminal liability.
Nathan is experiencing financial difficulties. One night, he enters a neighbour’s house through an unlocked window, intending to steal jewelry. While searching a bedroom, he hears the owner, Mrs. Patel, returning home unexpectedly. Nathan takes a gold necklace and attempts to leave. Mrs Patel sees him and tries to block his escape. Nathan pushes her forcefully to the ground and runs away with the necklace.
The following day, Nathan sells the necklace to Oliver. Oliver suspects the necklace may be stolen because Nathan offers it at a very low price, but he purchases it anyway.
Advise Nathan and Oliver of their criminal liability.
Rachel believes that her employer has unfairly denied her a promotion. She decides to poison him. Rachel purchases a substance from an online seller whom she believes is providing a deadly poison. Unknown to Rachel, the substance is actually harmless sugar. Rachel mixes the substance into a bottle of wine and leaves it in her employer’s office, intending that he drink it. Before he has an opportunity to do so, security staff discover what Rachel has done and call the police. When interviewed, Rachel admits she intended to kill her employer.
Advise Rachel of her criminal liability.
Chris spends the evening drinking heavily in a nightclub. By midnight he is extremely intoxicated. As he walks home, he sees Ryan approaching quickly. Chris mistakenly believes Ryan is carrying a knife and intends to attack him. In fact, Ryan is carrying only a mobile phone. Chris picks up a metal bar lying nearby and strikes Ryan on the head, causing a fractured skull. Later that night, Chris enters a shop and steals several bottles of alcohol. He claims he was too drunk to understand what he was doing. Advise Chris regarding his criminal liability and any available defences.
Aaron, Ben and Carl agree to confront Victor, whom they believe has stolen Aaron’s bicycle. They locate Victor in a park. Aaron carries a baseball bat. Ben carries a knife but tells nobody about it. Carl accompanies them but does not carry a weapon. During the confrontation Aaron strikes Victor with the bat. Victor falls to the ground. Ben then unexpectedly stabs Victor in the chest. Victor dies shortly afterward. Aaron claims he intended only to frighten Victor. Carl says he merely accompanied his friends and did not expect violence. Advise Aaron, Ben and Carl of their criminal liability.