Past Questions Of Commercial Law

These past questions of commercial law will cover your recent papers efficiently. These questions are for LLB and LLB Hons. in Pakistan and the UK. Prepare them keenly for the best results.

Harvest Equipment Ltd appoints Charles Bennett as sales manager. Charles may negotiate contracts but requires board approval before concluding any sale exceeding 300,000.
Charles agrees to sell three combine harvesters worth 450,000 to Greenfields Farming Ltd and signs the contract without obtaining approval.
Before delivery. One harvester is destroyed by fire. Greenfields pays a deposit. Defects are discovered in the remaining machines.
Harvest Equipment Ltd. claims Charles lacked authority.
Advise all parties.
Oliver Stone owns a luxury car dealership.
He appoints Daniel Brooks as his sales agent with authority to sell vehicles up to 80,000. Daniel sells a vehicle worth 150,000 to Rebecca Turner, assuring her he has authority to conclude the transaction. Rebecca pays in full. Before delivery, Oliver refuses to proceed and argues Daniel exceeded his authority. Meanwhile, the vehicle was damaged while in storage.
Advise Oliver and Rebecca.
Northern Electronics Ltd contracts to sell 2000 laptop computers to Future Tech Ltd. The contract describes the laptops as brand-new professional-grade laptops suitable for commercial use. Following delivery. 500 laptops are refurbished rather than new. 300 contain defective batteries.
200 fail completely within one month. Future Tech refuses to pay the remaining balance.
Advise both parties.
Samuel Carter appoints Emily Hughes as purchasing agent for his business.
Emily’s authority is limited to purchasing stock worth less than 25000. Emily enters a contract with Premier Supplies Ltd. worth 75000. Premier Supplies has dealt with Emily for several years and has previously seen her conclude contracts on Samuel’s behalf. Samuel refuses to pay.
Advise the parties.
Westlake Motors Ltd. sells a vehicle to Anthony Reed under a hire-purchase agreement.
Before ownership passes, Anthony wrongfully sells the vehicle to Jessica Hall. Jessica later sells it to County Logistics Ltd.Both purchasers acted honestly and had no knowledge of the hire-purchase arrangement. Westlake Motors seeks recovery of the vehicle.
Advise all parties.
Eleanor Price owns a chain of jewelry stores. She appoints Henry Walker as branch manager. Although Henry’s actual authority is limited, Eleanor regularly allows him to negotiate and conclude substantial contracts. Henry agrees to purchase diamonds worth 500,000 from Prestige Gems Ltd. When payment became due, Eleanor argued Henry lacked authority. Prestige Gems Ltd seeks payment.
Advise the parties.
Global Agricultural Ltd appoints Nathan Foster as commercial director. Nathan is authorized to negotiate transactions but not to conclude contracts exceeding 200,000 without board approval. Nathan enters contracts with:
Green Valley Farms Ltd. to County Equipment Ltd. for 180,000. He also sells machinery that Global Agricultural possesses under a hire agreement.
Following delivery:
Several machines prove defective. Ownership of certain goods is disputed. Global Agricultural refuses to honor the contracts.
Advise all parties.