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1. What is the primary function of a system?

• A. To work independently
• B. To achieve a common goal
• C. To create new systems
• D. To provide entertainment

2. What is one of the fundamental concepts of any system?

• A. Its size
• B. Its objective
• C. Its age
• D. Its price

3. What is an example of a simple system?

• A. A human body
• B. A computer network
• C. A thermostat regulating temperature
• D. The internet

4. What are the basic components of a system?

• A. Users, hardware, software
• B. Objectives, components, environment, communication
• C. Inputs, outputs, processes
• D. Sensors, actuators, controllers

5. Which of the following describe the Von Neumann architecture’s main characteristic?

• A. Separate memory of data and instructions
• B. Parallel execution of instructions
• C. Single memory store for both program instructions and data
• D. Multiple CPUs for different tasks

6. What is disadvantage of the Von Neumann architecture?

• A. Complex design due to separate memory spaces
• B. Difficult to modify programs stored in memory
• C. Bottleneck due to single memory space for instructions and data
• D. Lack of flexibility in executing instructions

7. Which of the following number is a valid binary number?

• A. 1101102
• B. 11011
• C. 110.11
• D. 1101A

8. How many bytes are used to store a typical integer?

• A. 1 byte
• B. 2 bytes
• C. 4 bytes
• D. 8 bytes

9. What is the primary difference between signed and unsigned integers?

• A. Unsigned integers cannot be negative
• B. Signed integers have a large range
• C. Unsigned integers are stored in floating-point format
• D. Signed integers are only used for positive numbers

10. What does ASCII stands for?

• A. American Standard Code for Information Interchange
• B. Advanced Standard Code for Information Interchange
• C. American Standard Communication for Information Interchange
• D. Advanced Standard Code for Information Interchange

11. How many bits are used in the standard ASCII encoding?

• A. 7 bits
• B. 8 bits
• C. 16 bits
• D. 32 bits

12. Which of the following is a key advantage of Unicode over ASCII?

• A. It used fewer bits per character
• B. It can represents characters for many different languages
• C. It is backward compatible with binary
• D. It is specific to the English language

13. Which of the following Boolean expression represents the OR operation?

• A. A.B
• B. A+B
• C. A
• D. (Not provided)

14. Which logic gate outputs true only if both inputs are true?

• A. OR gate
• B. AND gate
• C. XOR gate
• D. NOT gate

15. What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1101?

• A. 11
• B. 12
• C. 13
• D. 14

16. What is the dual of the Boolean expression A.0=0?

• A. A+1=1
• B. A+0=A
• C. A.1=A
• D. A.0=0

17. What is the first step in the systematic process of troubleshooting?

• A. Establish a Theory of Probable Cause
• B. Implement the Solution
• C. Identify Problem
• D. Document Findings, Actions, and Outcomes

18. Why is effective troubleshooting important for maintaining systems?

• A. It helps save money on repairs
• B. It prevents the need for professional help
• C. It ensure systems operate smoothly and efficiently
• D. It allow for more frequent system updates

19. Which step involves coming up with a theory about what might be causing a problem?

• A. Test the Theory to Determine the Cause
• B. Establish a Theory of Probable Cause
• C. Implement the Solution
• D. Verify Fully System Functionality

20. After implement a solution, What is the next step in the troubleshooting process?

• A. Document Findings, Action, and Outcomes
• B. Test the Theory to Determine the Cause
• C. Verify Full system Functionality
• D. Establish a plan of Action to Resolve the Problem

21. Which of the following is an example of identifying a problem in troubleshooting process?

• A. Testing a laptop battey by plugging in the poower cord
• B. Coming up with a plan to replace a laptop battery
• C. Noticing that a laptop does not turn on when the power button is pressed
• D. Writing down that a laptop battery was replaced

22. What is the purpose of establishing a plan of action in troubleshooting?

• A. To identify the problem
• B. To verify full system functionality
• C. To determine the cause of the problem
• D. To decide on the steps needed to resolve the issue

23. Why is troubleshooting important in computing systems?

• A. It ensures hardware components are always up to date
• B. It prevents the need for data backups
• C. If helps keep systems running smoothly and securely
• D. It eliminates the need for software update

24. What is the primary objective of computer networks?

• A. Increase the computational power
• B. Enable resource sharing and data communication
• C. Enhance graphic capabilities
• D. Improve software development

25. What is a key benefit of using computer networks in businesses?

• A. Increase computational power
• B. Enable resources sharing and efficient communication
• C. Enhance graphic capabilities
• D. Improve software development

26. Which device is used to connect multiple networks and direct data packets between them?

• A. Switch
• B. Hub
• C. Router
• D. Modem

27. Which method of data transmission used a dedicated communication path?

• A. Packet Switching
• B. Circuit Switching
• C. Full-Duplex
• D. Half-Duplex

28. Which network topology connects all devices to a central hub?

• A. Ring
• B. Mesh
• C. Bus
• D. Star

29. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for node-to-node data transfer and error detection?

• A. Physical Layer
• B. Data Link Layer
• C. Network Layer
• D. Transport Layer

30. What is the function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

• A. Assign IP addresses dynamically
• B. Translate domain names to IP addresses
• C. Secure data communication
• D. Monitor network traffic

31. Which protocol is used for reliable data transfer in the TCP/IP model?

• A. HTTP
• B. FTP
• C. TCP
• D. UDP

32. What is the main purpose of a firewall in network security?

• A. Convert data into a secure format
• B. Monitor and control network traffic
• C. Assign IP addresses
• D. Translate domain names

33. Which of the following best defines computational thinking?

• A. A method of solving problems using mathematical calculations only
• B. An approach that employs systematic, algorithmic and logical thinking
• C. A technique used exclusively in computer programming
• D. An approach that ignores real-world applications

34. Why is problems decomposition important in computational thinking?

• A. It simplifies problems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts
• B. It complicates problems by adding more details
• C. It eliminates the need for solving the problem
• D. It is only useful for simple problems

35. Pattern recognition involves:

• A. Finding and using similarities within problems
• B. Ignoring repetitive elements
• C. Breaking problems into smaller pieces
• D. Writing detailed algorithms

36. Which term refer to the process of ignoring the details to focus on the main idea?

• A. Decomposition
• B. Pattern recognition
• C. Abstraction
• D. Algorithm design

37. Algorithms are:

• A. List of data
• B. Graphical representation
• C. Step-by-step instructions for solving a problem
• D. Repetitive patterns

38. Which of the following is a principle of computational thinking?

• A. Ignoring problem understanding
• B. Problem simplification
• C. Avoiding solution design
• D. Implementing random solutions

39. Which of the following is the first step in problem-solving according to computational thinking?

• A. Writing the solution
• B. Understanding the problem
• C. Designing a flowchart
• D. Selecting a solution

40. Flowcharts are used to:

• A. Code a program
• B. Represent algorithms graphically
• C. Solve mathematical equations
• D. Identify patterns

41. Pseudocode is:

• A. A type of flowchart
• B. A high-level description of an algorithm using plain language
• C. A programming language
• D. A debugging tool

42. Dry running a flowchart involves:

• A. Writing the code in a programming language
• B. Testing the flowchart with sample data
• C. Converting a flowchart to pseudocode
• D. Ignoring the details of the flowchart

43. Which of the following tag is not a correct HTML tag?

• A. A
• B. B
• C. C
• D. D

44. Which property is used to change the background color in CSS?

• A. Color
• B. Background-color
• C. Bgcolor
• D. Background

45. Which HTML tag is used to create an unordered list?

• A. A
• B. B
• C. C
• D. D

46. Which HTML attribute is used to define inline styles?

• A. Class
• B. Style
• C. Font
• D. Values

47. Which tag is used to display a horizontal in HTML?

• A. A
• B. B
• C. C
• D. D

48. Which of the following is the correct syntax for a CSS rule?

• A. Selector {property: value;}
• B. Selector: {property=value;}
• C. Selector {property=value}
• D. Selector: {property: value;}

49. In JavaScript, which markup is used for comments?

• A. /**/
• B. //
• C. <-
• D. /**/

50. How do you include JavaScript in an HTML document?

• A. (A)
• B. (B)
• C. (C)
• D. (D)

51. What is data?

• A. Processed information
• B. Raw facts gathered about things
• C. A collection of numbers only
• D. A list of observed events

52. Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

• A. Temperature readings in degrees celsius
• B. Number of students in a class
• C. Favourite ice cream flavours
• D. Test scores of 100

53. How can you use organize data to make it easier to analyse?

• A. By writing it in long paragraphs
• B. By creating tables, charts and graphs
• C. By storing it in random files
• D. By keeping it in a messy notebook

54. What is main purpose of data collection?

• A. To create random numbers
• B. To gather information to answer question or make decisions
• C. To delete old data
• D. To format text document

55. What is primary purpose of data visualization?

• A. To generate random numbers
• B. To convert text into data
• C. To make data easier to understand by turning it into pictures
• D. To hide complex data

56. Which tool is specifically designed for creating detailed and interactive visualizations?

• A. Microsoft Excel
• B. Google sheets
• C. Tableau
• D. PowerPoint

57. What is the first step in data science process?

• A. Data cleaning
• B. Data analysis
• C. Data collection
• D. Understanding Data Science

58. Which of the following is not a subfield of AI?

• A. Machine learning
• B. Natural language processing
• C. Computer vision
• D. Agriculture

59. Which of the following is an application of AI in healthcare?

• A. Personalized drug development
• B. Automated diagnosis
• C. Remote patient monitoring
• D. All of the above

60. What is the primary purpose of using AI techniques in machine learning models?

• A. to improve accuracy
• B. To enhance interpretability
• C. To reduce computational complexity
• D. All of the above

61. Which of these AI algorithms is considered an “explainable” model?

• A. Neural networks
• B. Decision trees
• C. Random forests
• D. Convolutional neural networks

62. What is the key difference between explainable (whitebox) and unexplainable (blackbox) AI models?

• A. The complexity of the model
• B. The ability to understand the decision-making process
• C. The performance of the model
• D. The training data used

63. Which of these is a security concern in IoT deployments?

• A. Device vulnerability
• B. Data privacy
• C. Lack of standardization
• D. All of the above

64. Which of the following is an application of IoT in the transportation domain?

• A. Smart traffic management
• B. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication
• C. Predictive maintenance of vehicles
• D. All of the above

65. Why is it important to use computers safely and responsibly?

• A. To ensure we can use them more frequently
• B. To protect out personal information and make wise choices about hardware and software
• C. To make the computer run faster
• D. To avoid paying for software

66. What does “responsible computer usage” include?

• A. Choosing the most expensive hardware
• B. Sharing your passwords with friends
• C. Being cautious about what you share online and protecting yourself and others
• D. Ignoring software updates

67. What should you check to ensure hardware and software compatibility?

• A. The color of the hardware
• B. The system requirements on software packages and match them with your computer’s specifications
• C. The price of the hardware
• D. The brand of the hardware

68. Why is it important to use strong, unique passwords?

• A. To make your account easy to hack
• B. To help other guess your password
• C. To make it harder for someone to guess your password and access your account
• D. To avoid installing software updates

69. What does two-factors authentication (2FA) do?

• A. It makes your password easier to guess
• B. Its adds an extra layer of security by requiring a second form of verification
• C. It removes the need for a password
• D. It reduces the need for software updates

70. Why should you be cautious when using public Wi-Fi for sensitive transactions?

• A. Public Wi-Fi is usually faster
• B. Public Wi-Fi networks are often less secure
• C. Public Wi-Fi is free
• D. Public Wi-Fi always provides encryption

71. What is one reason to avoid clicking on unknown links or downloading files from intrusted sources?

• A. They might contain helpful software
• B. They might contain malware that can harm your device or steal your information
• C. They are usually cheaper
• D. They help your device run faster

72. What is an important aspect of responsible use of social media?

• A. Sharing personal information like your home address
• B. Posting photos without considering privacy setting
• C. Being respectful and avoiding shearing sensitive information publicly
• D. Ignoring privacy setting

73. What should you do if you receive an email from an unknown sender asking for personal information?

• A. Provide the information requested
• B. Forward the email to your friends
• C. Ignore or delete the email
• D. Open the email and click on any links

74. What is entrepreneurship?

• A. The process of starting a new business or organization
• B. The process of buying and selling stocks
• C. The process of working for a large company
• D. The process of creating a marketing campaign

75. What is the key characteristic of entrepreneurs?

• A. Avoiding risks
• B. Seeking job security
• C. Innovation
• D. Following established methods

76. What is an example of a digital technology used by modern entrepreneurs?

• A. Newspaper advertisements
• B. Television commercials
• C. Mobile apps
• D. Door-to-Door sales

77. What is the first step in the design thinking process?

• A. Prototyping
• B. Testing
• C. Empathizing
• D. Defining

78. Which of the following is not a technique for identifying market needs?

• A. Surveys and questionnaires
• B. Market research
• C. Observation
• D. Brainstorming

79. What is the primary purpose of creating a business plan?

• A. To attract investors
• B. To outline strategies for growth
• C. To study market trends
• D. To implement digital marketing strategies

80. What does market analysis involve?

• A. Calculating revenue forecasts
• B. Researching competitors and understanding customer need
• C. Developing pricing strategies
• D. Implementing digital marketing campaigns

81. An organized set of components that are coordinated to perform a designated function is called:

• A. System
• B. Tool
• C. Machine
• D. Group

82. Which of the following is the simplest example of a system?

• A. Human Brain
• B. Thermostat
• C. Computer Network
• D. Car engine

83. ………system circulates blood in the human body.

• A. Respiratory
• B. Cerebral
• C. Cardiovascular
• D. Digestive

84. Which type of science involves designing new system to solve problems?

• A. Natural science
• B. Theoretical science
• C. Design science
• D. Earth science

85. What does the design science of computer science aim to do?

• A. Observe natural events
• B. Improve and build computer tools
• C. Collect data
• D. Analyze data

86. Which device helps a user to input data into the computer?

• A. Printer
• B. Keyboard
• C. Monitor
• D. Speaker

87. Which software helps users perform specific tasks like writing or browsing?

• A. Operating system
• B. Application software
• C. BIOS
• D. Firewall

88. The CPU is also know as:

• A. Storage hub
• B. Data cable
• C. Brain of the computer
• D. Mouse controller

89. A system bus contains how many main types of buses?

• A. 2
• B. 3
• C. 4
• D. 5

90. Which bus carries the actual data between components?

• A. Address bus
• B. Data bus
• C. Control bus
• D. Graphics bus

91. Which bus is responsible for sending control signals?

• A. Internet bus
• B. Storage bus
• C. Control bus
• D. Power bus

92. The Von Neumann computer architecture was developed in:

• A. 1990s
• B. 1980s
• C. 1940s
• D. 1950s

93. The idea of storing a program instructions and data in same memory was introduced by:

• A. John Von Neumann
• B. Dr.Abdul Qadeer
• C. Dr.Abdul Salam
• D. Pascal

94. CU stands for:

• A. Cache unit
• B. Control unit
• C. Calculating Unit
• D. Communication unit

95. The brain of the computer that executes instructions is called:

• A. CPU
• B. System unit
• C. Mother board
• D. RAM

96. Temporary storage in the CPU is called:

• A. RAM
• B. ROM
• C. Hard Disk
• D. Registers

97. Which component of the CPU decides which operations to perform?

• A. ALU
• B. Control Unit
• C. Register
• D. None

98. Which unit decodes the instruction to determine the necessary action?

• A. ALU
• B. Control Unit (CU)
• C. Memory
• D. Output Device

99. In Von Neumann architecture, where are instructions and data stored?

• A. In the Control Unit
• B. In the ALU
• C. In memory
• D. In the Output Device

100. What is an advantage of Von Neumann architecture?

• A. Complex design
• B. Simplified design
• C. High security
• D. Fast processing

101. The base of decimal number system is:

• A. 2
• B. 8
• C. 10
• D. 16

102. How many unique digits are there in the binary number system?

• A. 2
• B. 8
• C. 10
• D. 16

103. The number system we use in our daily life is number system:

• A. Binary
• B. Octal
• C. Decimal
• D. Hexadecimal

104. What is the base of the octal number system?

• A. 2
• B. 8
• C. 10
• D. 16

105. What is the octal value of the binary number 011?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

106. B in hexadecimal system is equivalent to decimal system:

• A. 10
• B. 11
• C. 12
• D. 15

107. A 1-byte integer has ……. bits to store values:

• A. 2
• B. 4
• C. 8
• D. 16

108. What is the maximum value of a 1-byte unsigned integer?

• A. 127
• B. 255
• C. 128
• D. 256

109. Which formula is used to calculate the maximum value of an unsigned integer?

• A. 2^n
• B. 2n+1
• C. 2^n – 1
• D. 2^n + 1

110. If the sign bit is 1 in a signed integer, what does it represent?

• A. Positive
• B. Zero
• C. Negative
• D. Even

111. Which formula gives the minimum value of a signed integer?

• A. -2n
• B. -2^(n-1)
• C. 2n-1
• D. 2n

112. How many bits are used in standard ASCII encoding?

• A. 6 bits
• B. 7 bits
• C. 8 bits
• D. 10 bits

113. How many bits are used in extended ASCII?

• A. 7
• B. 8
• C. 16
• D. 32

114. Which encoding scheme can represent characters from almost all languages?

• A. ASCII
• B. Extended ASCII
• C. Unicode
• D. Binary

115. Which Unicode encoding is backward compatible with ASCII?

• A. UTF-16
• B. UTF-32
• C. UTF-8
• D. ASCII-128

116. Which Unicode encoding uses fixed 4 bytes per character?

• A. UTF-8
• B. UTF-16
• C. UTF-32
• D. ASCII

117. Which storage method stores files on remote servers accessed via the internet?

• A. CD
• B. SSD
• C. Cloud storage
• D. HDD

118. Which storage device uses flash memory for faster access times and better performance?

• A. CD
• B. HDD
• C. SDD (SSD)
• D. DVD

119. IBM created first hard drive in?

• A. 1956
• B. 1957
• C. 1958
• D. 1959

120. What company built the first hard drive in 1956?

• A. Microsoft
• B. IBM
• C. Apple
• D. Intel

121. The weight of the first hard drive created by IBM In 1956 was over:

• A. 50KG
• B. 500KG
• C. 1 ton
• D. 10 ton

122. Which of the following singles has only two possible values?

• A. Analog
• B. Continuous
• C. Digital
• D. Voice

123. What kind of signal used in modern computing systems?

• A. Analog
• B. Digital
• C. Wave
• D. Modulated

124. What does ADC stand for?

• A. Analog dual converter
• B. Audio Data Converter
• C. Analog to Digital Converter
• D. None

125. Which device typically uses a DAC?

• A. Microphone
• B. Temperature sensor
• C. Speaker
• D. Keyboards

126. The digital logic is based on:

• A. Symbolic text
• B. Decimal digits
• C. Binary numbers
• D. Negative voltage

127. A binary digit is also known as:

• A. Logic gate
• B. Voltage input
• C. Bit
• D. Symbolic sign

128. The symbol + represents which Boolean operation?

• A. OR
• B. AND
• C. NOT
• D. XOR

129. The result of NOT 1 is:

• A. 0
• B. 1
• C. 2
• D. 3

130. Boolean functions produces:

• A. Two outputs
• B. Decimal output
• C. Single binary output
• D. Continuous signal

131. Who invented Boolean algebra?

• A. Isaac Newton
• B. Alan Turing
• C. George Boole
• D. Charles Babbage

132. When was George Boole born?

• A. 1915
• B. 1815
• C. 1899
• D. 1705

133. Boolean algebra laid the foundations for:

• A. Mechanical tools
• B. Computer science
• C. Chemical engineering
• D. Airplane design

134. Logic gates performs:

• A. Graph pointing
• B. Boolean operations
• C. Text formatting
• D. Image editing

135. In a logic gate, what does true represent?

• A. 0
• B. 10
• C. 1
• D. 5

136. What is the output of a NAND gate when both inputs are true?

• A. False
• B. True
• C. Unknown
• D. High

137. What does A+B equal to in the commutative law?

• A. A.B
• B. B+A
• C. A
• D. B

138. Which law states (A+B)+C=A+(B+C)?

• A. Commutative
• B. Associative
• C. Distributive
• D. Identity

139. A.(A+B) simplifies to:

• A. A.B
• B. B
• C. A
• D. A+B

140. The main goal of system troubleshooting is to:

• A. Replace hardware
• B. Upgrade system
• C. Identify and fix problems
• D. Install new software

141. What is the first step in the troubleshooting process?

• A. Implementing a solution
• B. Documenting actions
• C. Identifying the problem
• D. Rebooting the system

142. What is meant by data integrity?

• A. Data is stored
• B. Data is stored online
• C. Data is accurate and reliable
• D. Data is copied

143. Troubleshooting can help to improve:

• A. Typing speed
• B. Hardware cost
• C. Equipment performance
• D. App size

144. Troubleshooting can help identify:

• A. App downloads
• B. Security vulnerabilities
• C. Shopping websites
• D. Social media profiles

145. What kind of issue can reduce system performance?

• A. Software conflicts
• B. File downloads
• C. Screen brightness
• D. Font sizes

146. Fixing bugs improves:

• A. File size
• B. User experience
• C. Wallpaper color
• D. Folder structure

147. Which tool can be used to check RAM issue?

• A. Crystal disk info
• B. SMART
• C. Mem test 86
• D. Chrome

148. What is a common symptom of RAM failure?

• A. Faster browsing
• B. Blue screen of death
• C. Keyboard error
• D. Bright monitor

149. …… computer crashes are caused by RAM error:

• A. 5%
• B. 10%
• C. 25%
• D. 50%

150. What sound might indicate hard drive failure?

• A. Beeping
• B. Clicking
• C. Whistling
• D. Buzzing

151. What tool can check hard drive health?

• A. Crystal Disk Info
• B. Weather app
• C. Music player
• D. Photo Editor

152. What does SMART check in your computer?

• A. RAM speed
• B. CPU usage
• C. Hard drive health
• D. Internet speed

153. What should you use to keep cables organized?

• A. Gue
• B. Cable ties
• C. Tape
• D. Paper clips

154. The wannacry attack exploited:

• A. Unupdated Windows system
• B. Overheated CPUs
• C. Dirty keyboards
• D. Old monitors

155. Google drive and dropboxe are examples of:

• A. Antivirus programs
• B. File converters
• C. Cloud storage
• D. RAM tools

156. High CPU temperature can reduce a lifespan by:

• A. 10%
• B. 30%
• C. 50%
• D. 70%

157. The minimum numbers of computer requires to form a computer network is:

• A. Two
• B. Three
• C. Four
• D. Five

158. Which of the following is not a node in a computer networks:

• A. Smartphone
• B. Routers
• C. Printer
• D. Ethernet cable

159. What is the largest network in the world?

• A. LAN
• B. Intranet
• C. Internet
• D. MAN

160. What was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989?

• A. Internet
• B. MAC Address
• C. WWW
• D. Email

161. What type of connection is Ethernet?

• A. Wireless
• B. Wired
• C. Optical
• D. a and b both

162. What type of connection is wi-fi?

• A. Wired
• B. Wireless
• C. Internal
• D. a and b both

163. An example of communication protocol is:

• A. HTTP
• B. CPU
• C. RAM
• D. USB

164. Which of the following is an example of a medium?

• A. MAC address
• B. Ethernet cable
• C. PDF file
• D. Printer

165. Which of these devices connect multiple nodes and helps them communicate within a network?

• A. Browser
• B. Firewall
• C. Switch
• D. Monitor

166. Which of the following is not a networking device?

• A. Switches
• B. Routers
• C. Hubs
• D. Bus

167. What does SIM stand for?

• A. Signal identification mode
• B. Simple internal memory
• C. Subscriber identity module
• D. System internal module

168. Which layer does the switch operate on?

• A. Network layer
• B. Transport layer
• C. Data link layer
• D. Application layer

169. What type of device often includes both a switch and access point?

• A. Printer
• B. Laptop
• C. Home router
• D. Scanner

170. Access points transmit the data using:

• A. Radio waves
• B. Sound waves
• C. Electrical pulses
• D. Light signals

171. What does each data packet include?

• A. Full file
• B. Website info
• C. Destination address
• D. Device name

172. In packet switching, data is split into:

• A. Bytes
• B. Packets
• C. Only large file
• D. Electrical signals

173. In a bus topology, all devices share a common:

• A. Router
• B. Switch
• C. Communication line
• D. Server

174. The central cable used in bus topology is called:

• A. Mainframe
• B. Hub
• C. Bus
• D. Ring

175. Bus topology is best described as:

• A. Complex and costly
• B. Easy to set up
• C. Wireless only
• D. Secure and hidden

176. In star topology, all devices connect to a central device:

• A. Router
• B. Printer
• C. Hub or switch
• D. Server

177. The central device in a star topology works as a:

• A. Power backup
• B. Data flow repeater
• C. Screen projector
• D. Data storage

178. In ring topology, devices are connected in a:

• A. Straight line
• B. Circular path
• C. Star formation
• D. Mesh pattern

179. Data in ring topology travels in:

• A. Both direction
• B. Zig-zag pattern
• C. One direction
• D. Wireless path only

180. Which topology allow data to be rerouted in case on a broken link?

• A. Bus
• B. Ring
• C. Mesh
• D. Star

181. What does each data packet include?

• A. Full file
• B. Website info
• C. Destination address
• D. Device name

182. In packet switching, data is split into:

• A. Bytes
• B. Packets
• C. Only large file
• D. Electrical signals

183. In a bus topology, all devices share a common:

• A. Router
• B. Switch
• C. Communication line
• D. Server

184. The central cable used in bus topology is called:

• A. Mainframe
• B. Hub
• C. Bus
• D. Ring

185. Bus topology is best described as:

• A. Complex and costly
• B. Easy to set up
• C. Wireless only
• D. Secure and hidden

186. In star topology, all devices connect to a central device:

• A. Router
• B. Printer
• C. Hub or switch
• D. Server

187. The central device in a star topology works as a:

• A. Power backup
• B. Data flow repeater
• C. Screen projector
• D. Data storage

188. In ring topology, devices are connected in a:

• A. Straight line
• B. Circular path
• C. Star formation
• D. Mesh pattern

189. Data in ring topology travels in:

• A. Both direction
• B. Zig-zag pattern
• C. One direction
• D. Wireless path only

190. Which topology allow data to be rerouted in case on a broken link?

• A. Bus
• B. Ring
• C. Mesh
• D. Star

191. How many types of data transmission modes are there?

• A. 2
• B. 3
• C. 5
• D. 7

192. What is the direction of data flow in simplex communication?

• A. Bidirectional
• B. Circular
• C. Unidirectional
• D. Random

193. What is fixed in simplex communication?

• A. Protocols
• B. IP addresses
• C. Direction of data flow
• D. Devices

194. What device is an example of half-duplex communication?

• A. Telephone
• B. Walkie-talkie
• C. Laptop
• D. Television

195. Which communication mode is used in modern phones?

• A. Simplex
• B. Half duplex
• C. Full duplex
• D. Serial

196. What was the first message sent over ARPANET?

• A. LOG
• B. HELLO
• C. LO
• D. Start

197. How many layers are in the OSI model?

• A. 5
• B. 6
• C. 7
• D. 8

198. Which OSI layer is responsible for error detection during data transmission?

• A. Network
• B. Transport
• C. Data link
• D. Physical

199. Which addressing method is used to the network layer of the OSI model?

• A. MAC address
• B. Email address
• C. IP address
• D. Web address

200. Routers operate mainly of which OSI layer?

• A. Physical
• B. Transport
• C. Network
• D. Data link

201. Which protocol is used at the transport layer?

• A. HTTP
• B. TCP
• C. IP
• D. SMTP

202. Which version of internet protocol is designed to replace IPv4?

• A. IPv2
• B. IPv5
• C. IPv6
• D. IPv3

203. What is the binary equivalent of 172 in IPv4?

• A. 11011010
• B. 10101100
• C. 10010011
• D. 1100000

204. How many bits are there in IPv 6 addresses?

• A. 32
• B. 64
• C. 96
• D. 128

205. IPv 6 addresses are written in:

• A. Decimal format
• B. Binary format only
• C. Hexadecimal format
• D. Symbolic format

206. The TCP/IP protocol is used for:

• A. Streaming music
• B. Programming languages
• C. Internet communication
• D. Software installation

207. DHCP assigns IP addresses:

• A. Manually
• B. Automatically
• C. Through DNS
• D. Statically

208. What does DNS stand for?

• A. Data name server
• B. Domain number system
• C. Domain name system
• D. Device naming setting

209. What is a short range personal network called?

• A. LAN
• B. WAN
• C. MAN
• D. PAN

210. What type of network is limited to a small area?

• A. WAN
• B. LAN
• C. MAN
• D. CAN

211. A computer lab in a school is an example of:

• A. MAN
• B. WAN
• C. LAN
• D. PAN

212. Which network type connects multiple LANs in a city?

• A. WAN
• B. CAN
• C. PAN
• D. MAN

213. Which network type cover the largest geographical area?

• A. PAN
• B. LAN
• C. WAN
• D. CAN

214. What is an example of WAN?

• A. Bluetooth connection
• B. University network
• C. Internet
• D. Smart home

215. Which network type is most suitable to connecting multiple building on a university campus?

• A. PAN
• B. MAN
• C. CAN
• D. WAN

216. An internet network of a company is typically called:

• A. Internet
• B. Extranet
• C. Intranet
• D. Ethernet

217. What is an LMS?

• A. Learning model setup
• B. Language management server
• C. Learning management system
• D. Local machine server

218. What is a popular LMS platform?

• A. Powerpoint
• B. Gmail
• C. Blackboard
• D. WhatsApp

219. What is EHR?

• A. Electrical health resource
• B. Electronic health record
• C. Emergency health report
• D. Email hosting room

220. Breaking down a problem into smaller parts or sub-problems is called:

• A. Debugging
• B. Algorithm
• C. Decomposition
• D. Pattern Recognition

221. Decomposition is an important step in:

• A. Debugging
• B. Computational Thinking
• C. Hardware design
• D. Data storage

222. Involves looking for similarities or patterns among and within the problem.

• A. Decomposition
• B. Pattern Recognition
• C. Abstraction
• D. Algorithm

223. Abstraction focuses on:

• A. Complex details
• B. Unnecessary details
• C. High-level overview
• D. Hidden parts

224. …….. is a step-by-step collection of instructions to solve a problem or complete a task.

• A. Procedure
• B. Algorithm
• C. Method
• D. Technique

225. An algorithm must terminate after a number of steps.

• A. Infinite
• B. Five
• C. Two
• D. Finite

226. What is the first step in problem-solving in computational thinking?

• A. Solution selection
• B. Problem understanding
• C. Problem simplification
• D. Algorithm design

227. The graphical representation of steps to be followed to solve a problem is called:

• A. Flowchart
• B. Program
• C. Diagram
• D. Algorithm

228. Flowchart symbols illustrate:

• A. Data types
• B. Steps in a process
• C. Hardware devices
• D. Programming languages

229. Flowcharts were first standardized by ANSI in:

• A. 1945
• B. 1947
• C. 1950
• D. 1955

230. The first standardized flowchart symbols were developed by:

• A. John Smith
• B. American National Standards Institute
• C. Albert Einstein
• D. Steve Jobs

231. Flowcharts were popularized in computing by John von Neumann and:

• A. Steve Jobs
• B. Herman Goldstine
• C. Isaac Newton
• D. Tim Berners-Lee

232. Which symbol in a flowchart represents the start or end of a process?

• A. Rectangle Symbol
• B. Diamond Symbol
• C. Oval Symbol
• D. Parallelogram Symbol

233. Which symbol represents a process, task, or operation that needs to be performed in a flowchart?

• A. Oval Symbol
• B. Rectangle Symbol
• C. Diamond Symbol
• D. Parallelogram Symbol

234. Pseudocode is written in:

• A. Programming language
• B. Plain English
• C. Binary code
• D. Assembly language

235. What does Time Complexity measure in an algorithm?

• A. Memory usage
• B. Algorithm speed
• C. Number of inputs
• D. Program size

236. Space Complexity measures the amount of ………an algorithm uses.

• A. Time
• B. Speed
• C. Memory
• D. Processing Power

237. Dry run helps to:

• A. Hide errors
• B. Find errors manually
• C. Reduce code size
• D. Delete variables

238. Simulation helps to explore:

• A. Software installation
• B. Different scenarios and situations
• C. Hardware parts
• D. Internet speed

239. LARP stands for:

• A. Logical Algorithm Resolution Program
• B. Logic of Algorithms for Resolution of Problems
• C. Language Algorithm Resolution Program
• D. Logic of Algorithms for Resolution of Problems

240. The process of finding and fixing errors in an algorithm is called:

• A. Simulation
• B. Debugging
• C. Execution
• D. Flowcharting

241. Dividing a number by zero causes:

• A. Syntax Error
• B. Logical Error
• C. Runtime Error
• D. Input Error

242. Which type of error is hardest to detect?

• A. Syntax error
• B. Runtime error
• C. Logical error
• D. Spelling error in comments

243. Writing comments in an algorithm helps to:

• A. Increase speed
• B. Explain each step
• C. Hide mistakes
• D. Reduce code size

244. What is an example of an “Invalid Operation”?

• A. Adding two numbers
• B. Dividing by zero
• C. Printing a message
• D. Declaring a variable

245. The process of creating website and web application is called?

• A. Web hosting
• B. Web designing
• C. Web development
• D. Web marketing

246. Hotmail was created by students from which university?

• A. MIT
• B. Harvard
• C. Stanford
• D. Oxford

247. How much did Microsoft pay to Hotmail?

• A. 40 million dollars
• B. 100 million dollars
• C. 400 million dollars
• D. 1 billion dollars

248. Which of the following can be used to create interactive web pages?

• A. HTML
• B. JavaScript
• C. SQL
• D. CSS

249. Who created the first website?

• A. Bill Gates
• B. Tim Berners-Lee
• C. Mark-Zuckerberg
• D. Larry page

250. When was the first website created?

• A. 1989
• B. 1991
• C. 1995
• D. 2000

251. Where can the first website still be accessed?

• A. http://example.com
• B. http://firstweb.org
• C. http://info.cern.ch
• D. http://webstart.net

252. Which fron-end language can be used to add animations?

• A. HTML
• B. CSS
• C. JavaScript
• D. None

253. Which language is used to process forms in the back-end?

• A. HTML
• B. Python
• C. PHP
• D. A and B

254. Which of the following is in back-end development?

• A. User interface
• B. Design
• C. Database
• D. Graphics

255. HTML stands for:

• A. Hyper text markup language
• B. Hash tag markup language
• C. Hyper tech markup language
• D. High tech machine language

256. HTML are enclosed in:

• A. ()
• B. []
• C. <>
• D. //

257. Sublime Text is an example of:

• A. Text editor
• B. Web browser
• C. Web server
• D. Search engine

258. Which of the following is not a web browser?

• A. Google chrome
• B. Microsoft edge
• C. Mozilla Firefox
• D. Notepad++

259. A single document on the world wide web is known as:

• A. Web net
• B. Web page
• C. Web link
• D. Web cam

260. An HTML element usually consist of …… tags:

• A. Start
• B. End
• C. Start and end
• D. Middle

261. What does tag define?

• A. Unordered list
• B. Underline
• C. Upper level
• D. Universal link

262. What does CSS stands for?

• A. Computer Style System
• B. Cascading Style Sheets
• C. Creative Style System
• D. Colorful Style System

263. Which CSS property changes text color?

• A. Text-color
• B. Font-color
• C. Color
• D. Text-style

264. Which method adds CSS directly to an HTML element?

• A. Inline style
• B. Internal styles
• C. External styles
• D. Embedded styles

265. Where is the internal CSS typically placed in an HTML file?

• A. Inside the body
• B. Inside the title
• C. Inside the head
• D. Inside the footer