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The most important Chemistry chapter 9 short questions for Class 11. The 1st-year chapter 9 of Chemistry is related to solutions. These questions are for the Punjab Textbook Board that can be used within all of Punjab where this syllabus is taught.

Students are advised to prepare these questions in order to perform the best in the board examination.

Chemistry Chapter 9 Short Questions for Class 11

1. Define the following with an example for each:
   Ionization constant    ii) Solubility product    iii) Common ion effect    iv) Acid-base indicator
2. Differentiate between:
   i) Hydrolysis and dissolution    ii) Acidic and basic buffer solutions
3. Explain the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs. How are they related in terms of proton transfer?
4. What is the relationship between the strength of an acid and the strength of its conjugate base?
5. For the following three reactions, identify the reactants that are Arrhenius bases, Bronsted-Lowry bases, and/or Lewis bases. State which type(s) of bases each reactant is. Explain your answers.
6. NaOH_(s) → Na⁺_(aq) + OH⁻_(aq)    ii) HF_(aq) + H₂O_(l) → F⁻_(aq) + H₃O⁺_(aq)    iii) H⁺_(aq) + NH₃_(aq) → NH₄⁺_(aq)
7. An amphoteric substance can behave as either an acid or a base. Identify whether water behaves as an acid or a base in each of the following reactions: H₂O + HCl → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻    ii) NH₃ + H₂O → NH₄⁺ + OH⁻    iii) HNO₃ + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + NO₃⁻    iv) CH₃COOH + H₂O → CH₃COO⁻ + H₃O⁺
8. Which salt would you expect to dissolve more readily in acidic solution: Barium sulfate or Barium fluoride? Explain (Ksp(BaCO₃) = 1.1×10⁻¹⁰, Ksp(CuS) = 8×10⁻³⁴)
9. Why does common ion effect decrease solubility of a less soluble salt?
10. State the basic principle of solubility product. Mention factors affecting solubility product.
11. Prove by equations what happens when Na₂CrO₄ is added to a saturated solution of PbCrO₄.
12. According to the Lewis acid-base concept, Boron trifluoride (BF₃) can act as an acid. Is this statement correct?
13. If the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is 1×10⁻⁵ M, what is the pH of the solution?
14. Why does the equilibrium constant value have its units for some of the reversible reactions but has no units for some other reactions?
15. Define pH and pOH with mathematical expressions. What is the sum of pH and pOH?
16. Write the relationship of pH and pOH with pKw.
17. What is ionization constant of acids?
18. Define Lowry-Bronsted concept of acids and bases.
19. What are conjugate acids and bases?
20. What is the formula to calculate the percentage ionization of weak acid?
21. Define pKa and pKb. Give its significance.
22. Prove that pKa + pKb = 14 at 25°C.
23. What is ionic product of water? Write its value at 25°C.
24. What is buffer solution? Give types of buffer solutions with one example each.
25. Define buffer capacity. Write down the Henderson’s equation for acidic buffers.
26. Define common ion effect. How can NaCl be purified by common ion effect?
27. Give applications of common ion effect (any two).
28. Write the effect of common ion on solubility. Prove by equations what happens when Na₂CrO₄ is added to saturated solution of PbCrO₄.
29. Define Solubility Product Constant (Ksp). Give two examples.

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